Adobe Creative Cloud Design Tools All-in-One For Dummies (2013)
Book III
Illustrator CC
Chapter 2: Discovering Illustrator CC
In This Chapter
Knowing when to use Illustrator
Looking around the Document window
Opening and creating documents
Checking out the tools and panels
Changing your view
Zooming in and out
Adobe Illustrator goes hand in hand with other Adobe products but serves its own, unique purpose. Although Illustrator can create multiple-page artwork (with artboards), it isn’t meant to create lengthy documents with repeated headers, footers, and page numbers. Those types of files are more appropriate for applications such as InDesign. Typically, you wouldn’t create artwork from Illustrator that’s made from pixels, such as images edited or created in Photoshop. Illustrator is generally used to create vector logos, illustrations, maps, packages, labels, signage, web art, and more. (See the nearby Vector graphics sidebar for more information.)
This chapter gets you started with Illustrator and helps you understand when Illustrator is the tool best suited for creating your art.
Deciding When to Use Illustrator CC
How do you draw a line in the sand and decide to create graphics in Illustrator rather than in Photoshop? The following questions can help you make up your mind:
Does the graphic need to be scaled? Will it be used in sizes that you cannot predict at this time?
Is the artwork technical in nature? Are precise measurements and placement of elements critical?
Does the artwork require the use of spot colors, using a system such as the Pantone Matching System (PMS)?
Will the artwork be used frequently in different formats, such as print and onscreen in apps or websites?
Is the artwork illustrative with many solid colors and occasional gradients and vignettes? (If you have a photograph, or an illustration that contains many variations of tonal values, use Photoshop for your editing.)
If you answered yes to any of these questions, create and edit your artwork in Illustrator.
Keep in mind that by using Illustrator, you gain these benefits:
Illustrator can save and export graphics into most file formats. By choosing to save or export, you can create a file that can be used in most other applications. For instance, Illustrator files can be saved as .bmp, .jpg, .pdf, .svg, .tiff, and even .swf (Flash) files, to name a few.
Illustrator files are easily integrated into other Adobe applications. You can save Illustrator files in their native format and open or place them in other Adobe applications such as Dreamweaver, Fireworks, Flash, InDesign, and Photoshop. You can also save Illustrator artwork as Portable Document Format (.pdf) files. It lets anyone using the free Acrobat Reader software open and view the file but maintain editing capabilities when the file is opened later in Illustrator.
Illustrator artwork is reusable because the resolution of vector artwork isn’t determined until output. In other words, if you print to a 600-dpi (dots per inch) printer, the artwork is printed at 600 dpi; print to a 2,400-dpi printer, and the artwork prints at 2,400 dpi. Illustrator graphics are quite different from the bitmap images you create or edit in Photoshop, where resolution is determined as soon as you scan, take a picture, or create a new bitmap (created from pixels) document.
Illustrator has limitless scalability. You can create vector artwork in Illustrator and scale it to the size of your thumb or to the size of a barn, and either way, it still looks good. See the nearby sidebar Vector graphics for more information.
Vector graphics
Vector graphics are made up of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors. Because the paths (the lines and curves) are defined mathematically, you can move, resize, or change the color of vector objects without losing quality in the graphic.
Vector graphics are resolution-independent: They can be scaled to any size and printed at any resolution without losing detail. On the other hand, a predetermined number of pixels create bitmap graphics, so you can’t scale (resize) them easily — if you scale them smaller, you throw out pixels; if you scale them larger, you end up with a blocky, jagged picture.
The following figure shows the differences between an enlarged vector graphic (left; notice the smooth edges) and an enlarged bitmap graphic (right; note the jagged edges). Many designers create company logos as vectors to avoid problems with scaling: A vector graphic logo maintains its high-quality appearance at any size.
Creating a New Document
To create a new document in Illustrator, follow these steps:
1. Choose File⇒New.
The New Document dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 2-1. You use it to determine the new document’s profile, size, measurement unit, color mode, and page orientation as well as the number of artboards (pages) you want in the document.
2. Enter a name for your new file in the Name text field.
You can determine the name of the file now or later when you save the document.
3. Choose a profile from the New Document Profile drop-down list.
Selecting the correct profile sets up preferences, such as resolution and colors. If you choose a print profile, your basic color swatches are built from CMYK colors (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black), and your settings default to a higher resolution. For the web, your color swatches are built from RGB colors (Red, Green, Blue), and your default resolution is set to a lower amount. Click the Advanced down arrow (in the lower-left corner of the New Document dialog box) to see which settings are selected for each profile and to change them, if necessary.
4. In the Number of Artboards text box, enter the number of artboards you want in the document.
If you want a single-page document, leave this setting at 1. Creating a document with multiple artboards is discussed later in this chapter, in the section Creating multiple artboards.
5. Enter in the Spacing text box the amount of space to leave between artboards.
If you want pages to abut, enter 0 (zero) or enter additional values if you want a little space between each artboard. If you’re adding artboards, you can enter in the Columns text box the number of columns of artboards you want arranged in the document.
6. Select from the Size drop-down list or type measurements in the Width and Height text fields to set the size of the document page.
You can select from several standard sizes in the Size drop-down list or enter your own measurements in the Width and Height text fields. Note that several web sizes are listed first, followed by other typical paper sizes.
7. Select from the Units drop-down list to select the type of measurement you’re most comfortable with.
Your selection sets all measurement boxes and rulers to the increments you choose: points, picas, inches, millimeters, centimeters, or pixels.
Figure 2-1: Creating a new document in Illustrator.
8. Pick the orientation for the artboard.
The artboard is your canvas for creating artwork in Illustrator. You can choose between Portrait (the short sides of the artboard on the top and bottom) and Landscape (the long sides of the artboard on the top and bottom).
9. Add values in the Bleed text boxes, if necessary.
A bleed value is the amount of image area that extends beyond the artboard. To print from edge to edge, enter a value for the bleed. Keep in mind that most desktop printers need a grip area, which is the part of the page that a printer needs to grab on to the paper. It typically forces any image area near the edge of a page to not print. Bleeds are typically used in jobs to be printed on a press.
10. When you’re finished making selections, click OK.
One or more Illustrator artboards appear.
Need a Design Boost? Try a Template
In the New Document dialog box, click the Templates button to get a jump-start with professional designs already created as Illustrator templates like you see in Figure 2-2, or start your brochure, business cards, or flyers with a template that includes imagery, text, and professional layouts.
Figure 2-2: Pre-created templates lead to successful designs.
Opening an Existing Document
It’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with the workspace before starting to work in Adobe Illustrator, but to do this you should have a document open. In this section, you jump right in by opening an existing document. Here’s how:
1. Launch Adobe Illustrator CC.
2. Choose File⇒Open and select a file in the Open dialog box.
For this exercise, you can open one of your own files, or if you followed the instructions in the section on acquiring assets for this book in Book I and copied over to your computer the CCDummies folder from the Dummies Asset site, you can access the Adobe_Illustrator_Assets and open the file named AI_Sample. Keep this file open so that you can follow along with the explanation of the workspace in the next section.
Taking a Look at the Document Window
To investigate the work area (shown in Figure 2-3) and become truly familiar with Illustrator, have a document open, like the AI_Sample file you were directed to in the preceding section, or create a new document and take a look around. In the Illustrator work area, a total of 227 inches in width and height helps create your artwork (and all artboards). That's helpful, but it also leaves enough space to lose objects! The following list explains the tools you work with as you create artwork in Illustrator:
Figure 2-3: The Illustrator work area.
Imageable area: If you’re planning to print your Illustrator document, choose View⇒Show Print Tiling. A dotted line appears, which marks the printing area on the page. Many printers can’t print all the way to the edges of the paper, so the imageable area is determined by the printer you set in the Print dialog box. If you don’t want to see the print tiling, choose View⇒Hide Print Tiling.
You can move the imageable area around on your page by using the Print Tiling tool. See the nearby sidebar, The Print Tiling tool, for more on this tool.
Artboard: This area, bounded by solid lines, represents the entire region that can contain printable artwork. By default, the artboard is the same size as the page, but it can be enlarged or reduced. The U.S. default artboard size is 8.5 x 11 inches, but it can be set as large as 227 x 227 inches. If you’re using the default settings for Illustrator, the edge of the artboard is indicated by a transition from a white to a medium grey canvas.
Scratch area: This area outside the artboards extends to the edge of the 227-inch square window. The scratch area represents a space on which you can create, edit, and store elements of artwork before moving them onto the artboard. Objects placed onto the scratch area are visible onscreen, but they don’t print. However, objects in the scratch area appear if the document is saved and placed as an image in other applications.
If you’re having a difficult time seeing your items in the scratch area, choose Edit⇒Preferences⇒User Interface and select White for the Canvas color.
The Print Tiling tool
Use the Print Tiling tool to move the printable area of your page to a different location. For example, if your printer can print only on paper that’s 8.5 x 11 inches or smaller but the page size is 11 x 17, you can use the Print Tiling tool (a hidden tool accessed by holding down the mouse button on the Hand tool) to indicate which part of the page you want to print. Follow these steps to use the Print Tiling tool:
1. When adjusting page boundaries, choose View⇒Fit in Window so that you can see all your artwork.
2. Hold down the mouse button on the Hand tool to select the hidden Print Tiling tool.
The pointer becomes a dotted cross when you move it to the active window.
3. Position the mouse pointer over the artboard and click and drag the page to a new location.
While you drag, the Print Tiling tool acts as though you’re moving the page from its lower-left corner. Two gray rectangles are displayed. The outer rectangle represents the page size, and the inner rectangle represents the printable area of a page. You can move the page anywhere on the artboard; just remember that any part of a page that extends past the printable area boundary will not print.
Taking Advantage of Artboards
As you already discovered, the page itself is referred to as the artboard. The options available to you when using artboards include the following:
You can have multiple artboards in one document, creating essentially a multipage document.
You can name and rearrange artboards by using the Artboard panel.
You can copy entire artboards, allowing you to quickly create multiple versions for your artwork.
You can use artboards to define a print area, eliminating the need to use the Print Tiling tool.
Creating multiple artboards
To create a document with multiple artboards, follow these steps:
1. Launch Adobe Illustrator CC and choose File⇒New.
The New Document dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4: Add multiple artboards right from the start.
2. Specify the number of artboards to start with by entering a number in the Number of Artboards text box.
In our example, we added four artboards.
3. To specify how to arrange the artboard, click a grid or row arrangement icon to the right of the Number of Artboards text box, as shown in Figure 2-5.
Using these grid boxes, you can
• Specify how many rows and columns to use.
• Change the direction of the layout from left to right or right to left.
4. Enter an amount in the Spacing text box to determine the distance between artboards.
Enter 0 (zero) if you want the artboards to butt against each other, or a higher value if you want some space between them.
5. Click OK to create your new document. (See Figure 2-6.)
Figure 2-5: Choose how you want the artboards arranged.
Figure 2-6: A document created using four artboards.
Exploring enhanced artboard features
After you create multiple artboards, choose Window⇒Artboards to see a panel with artboards listed individually, as shown in Figure 2-7.
Figure 2-7: The new Artboard panel, keeping your project organized.
Here are some swell things you can do to artboards from the Artboard panel:
Navigate to a specific artboard. Just double-click the artboard’s number.
Rearrange artboards. Drag the artboards inside the Artboard panel to reorganize their stacking order.
Delete an artboard. Drag it to the Trash icon.
Copy an existing artboard. Drag it to the New Artboard icon.
Create a new artboard. Click the New Artboard icon.
Edit additional artboard options, such as size and orientation, by selecting Artboard Options from the panel menu. The Artboard options appear as you see in Figure 2-8. Keep in mind that each artboard can be a different size than others in the same document.
Rename an artboard. Double-click the Artboard name right in the Artboards panel, type a new name, and then press the Tab key.
Printing a document with multiple artboards
Pay close attention before you print a document with multiple artboards, or else you may print needless pages. To control which artboards are printed, follow these steps:
1. Choose File⇒Print.
The Print dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 2-9.
2. Click the arrows underneath the Preview box in the lower-left corner to preview the artboards.
Figure 2-8: Edit existing artboards by using the Artboard Options dialog box.
Figure 2-9: Printing a document with multiple artboards.
3. After you decide which artboards to print, enter them into the Range text box.
To print all artboards, select the All radio button; otherwise, enter a consecutive range such as 1-3 in the Range text box. You can also print nonconsecutive pages by separating them with commas — enter 1, 3, 4 to print only artboards 1, 3, and 4.
4. Click Print to print the selected artboards.
If you want to define an artboard within an artboard, select the Artboard tool and then hold down the Shift key when dragging out a new artboard.
Becoming Familiar with the Tools
As you begin using Illustrator, you’ll find it helpful to be familiar with its tools. Tools are used to create, select, and manipulate objects in Illustrator. The tools should be visible as a default, but if not, you can access them by choosing Window⇒Tools.
Table 2-1 lists the tools that we show you how to use throughout this minibook. Hover the cursor over the tool in the Tools panel to see the name of the tool in a tooltip. In parentheses on the tooltip (and noted in Column 2 of Table 2-1) is the keyboard command you can use to access that tool. When you see a small triangle at the lower-right corner of the tool icon, it contains additional, hidden tools. Select the tool and hold the mouse button to see it.
Checking Out the Panels
The standardized interface in Adobe Creative Cloud is a useful boost for users because the Illustrator panel system is similar to all other products in the Creative Cloud. This consistency makes working and finding tools and features easier.
When you first open Illustrator, notice that some panels may have been reduced to icons on the right. To select a panel, click the appropriate icon, and the panel appears.
If all you see is an icon, how do you know which icon brings up which panel? Good question. If you’re hunting around for the appropriate panels, you can
Choose Window⇒Name of Panel.
Position your mouse on the left side of the icons and, when you see the double-arrow icon, click and drag to the left. The panel names appear.
Click the Expand Panels button on the gray bar at the top of the icons, as shown in Figure 2-10. The panels expand so that you can see their contents and names.
Figure 2-10: Expand the panels to see more options.
The panels you see as a default are docked together. To dock a panel means that, for organizational purposes, the panel is attached in the docking area.
You can arrange panels to make them more helpful for production. You may choose to have only certain panels visible while working. Here’s the lowdown on using Illustrator panels:
To see additional options for each panel (because some options are hidden), click the panel menu in the upper-right corner of the panel. (See Figure 2-11.)
To move a panel group, click and drag above the tabbed panel name.
To rearrange or separate a panel from its group, drag the panel’s tab. Dragging a tab outside the docking area creates a new, separate panel.
To move a tab to another panel, drag the tab to that panel.
Figure 2-11: Many panels have additional menu options.
Look out for those panels — they can take over your screen! Some panels, but not all, can be resized. A panel that you can resize has an active lower-right corner (denoted by three small lines). To change the size of a panel, drag its lower-right corner (Windows) or drag the size box in the lower-right corner of the panel (Mac).
As you become more efficient, you may find it helpful to reduce the clutter on your screen by hiding all panels except the ones necessary for your work. You can save your own panel configuration by choosing Window⇒Workspace⇒New Workspace. Choose Window⇒Workspace⇒Essentials to return to the default workspace.
Changing Views
When you’re working in Illustrator, precision is important, but you also want to see how the artwork looks. Whether for the web or print, Illustrator offers several ways in which to view your artwork:
Preview and Outline views: By default, Illustrator shows Preview view, where you see colors, stroke widths, images, and patterns as they should appear when printed or completed for onscreen presentation. Sometimes this view can become a nuisance, especially if you’re trying to create a corner point by connecting two thick lines. At times like this, or whenever you want the strokes and fills reduced to the underlying structure, choose View⇒Outline. You now see the outline of the illustration, shown in Figure 2-12.
Pixel view: If you don’t want to be surprised when your artwork appears in your web browser, use Pixel view. This view, shown in Figure 2-13, maintains the vectors of your artwork but shows how the pixels will appear when the image is viewed onscreen, as though it’s on the web.
Figure 2-12: Preview mode (left) and Outline mode (right).
Figure 2-13: See how your artwork translates into pixels in Pixel view.
Pixel view is helpful for previewing the look of text onscreen — some fonts just don’t look good as pixels, especially if the text is small. In Pixel view, you can review fonts until you find one that’s easily readable as pixels.
Overprint view: For people in print production, the Overprint preview can be a real timesaver. Choose Window⇒Attributes to bring up the Attributes panel, which you can use to set the fill and stroke colors to overprint. This view creates additional colors when printing and aids printers when trapping abutting colors.
Trapping is the slight overprint of a lighter color into a darker color to correct for press misregistration — that is, when the printed colors don’t align exactly. When several colors are printed on one piece, the likelihood of perfect alignment is slim! Setting a stroke to Overprint on the Window⇒Attributes panel is one solution. With Overprint selected, the stroke is overprinted on the nearby colors. This mixing of color produces an additional color but is less obvious to the viewer than a white space created by misregistration. Select Overprint to see the result of overprinting in Overprint view, as shown in Figure 2-14.
Figure 2-14: Overprint view.
Navigating the Work Area with Zoom Controls
You can navigate the work area efficiently by using the Hand tool and the various zoom controls. You can change the magnification of the artboard in several ways, including using menu items, the Zoom tool, and keyboard commands. Choose the method you feel most comfortable with:
Hand tool: Scroll around the Document window by using the scroll bars or the Hand tool. The Hand tool lets you scroll by dragging. You can imagine that you’re pushing a piece of paper around on your desk when you use the Hand tool.
Hold down the spacebar to temporarily access the Hand tool while any tool (except the Type tool) is selected. Holding down the spacebar while the Type tool is selected gives you only spaces!
View menu: Using the View menu, you can easily select the magnification you want by using Zoom In, Zoom Out, Fit in Window (especially useful when you’re lost in the scratch area), and Actual Size (provides a 100-percent view of your artwork).
Zoom tool: Using the Zoom tool, you can click the Document window to zoom in; to zoom out, Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac). Double-click on the Zoom tool to quickly resize the Document window to 100 percent. Control which elements are visible when using the Zoom tool by clicking and dragging over the area you want zoomed into.
Keyboard shortcuts: Even if you normally dislike using keyboard shortcuts, you may change your mind about using them for magnification. They make sense and are easy to use and remember. Table 2-2 lists the most popular keyboard shortcuts to change magnification.
The shortcuts in Table 2-2 require a little coordination to use, but they give you more control in your zoom. While holding down the keys, drag from the upper-left corner to the lower-right corner of the area you want to zoom to. A marquee appears while you’re dragging; when you release the mouse button, the selected area zooms to the size of your window. The Zoom Out command doesn’t give you much control; it simply zooms back out, much like the commands in Table 2-3.
Table 2-2 Magnification Keyboard Shortcuts
|
Command |
Windows Shortcut |
Mac Shortcut |
|
Actual Size |
Ctrl+1 |
|
|
Fit in Window |
Ctrl+0 (zero) |
|
|
Zoom In |
Ctrl++ (plus) |
|
|
Zoom Out |
Ctrl+- (minus) |
|
|
Hand tool |
Spacebar |
Spacebar |
+1Table 2-3 Zoom Keyboard Shortcuts
|
Command |
Windows Shortcut |
Mac Shortcut |
|
Zoom In to Selected Area |
Ctrl+spacebar+drag |
|
|
Zoom Out |
Ctrl+Alt+spacebar |
|