Excel 2016 Formulas (2016)

PART VII
Appendixes

· Appendix A: Excel Function Reference

· Appendix B: Using Custom Number Formats

Appendix A
Excel Function Reference

This appendix contains a complete listing of the Excel worksheet functions. The functions are arranged alphabetically in tables by categories used by the Insert Function dialog box.

For more information about a particular function, including its arguments, select the function in the Insert Function dialog box and click Help on This Function.

On the Web

An interactive workbook that contains this information is available at this book’s website. The filename is worksheet functions.xlsx.

Table A.1 Compatibility Category Functions

Function	What It Does
BETADIST	Returns the cumulative beta probability density function.
BETAINV	Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function.
BINOMDIST	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability.
CEILING	Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.
CHIDIST	Returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
CHIINV	Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
CHITEST	Returns the test for independence.
CONFIDENCE	Returns the confidence interval for a population mean.
COVAR	Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations.
CRITBINOM	Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value.
EXPONDIST	Returns the exponential distribution.
FDIST	Returns the F probability distribution.
FINV	Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
FLOOR	Rounds a number down, toward zero.
FORECAST	Predicts a future value along a linear trend.
FTEST	Returns the result of an F-test.
GAMMADIST	Returns the gamma distribution.
GAMMAINV	Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution.
HYPGEOMDIST	Returns the hypergeometric distribution.
LOGINV	Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution.
LOGNORMDIST	Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution.
MODE	Returns the most common value in a data set.
NEGBINOMDIST	Returns the negative binomial distribution.
NORMDIST	Returns the normal cumulative distribution.
NORMINV	Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution.
NORMSDIST	Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution.
NORMSINV	Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution.
PERCENTILE	Returns the kth percentile of values in a range.
PERCENTRANK	Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set.
POISSON	Returns the Poisson distribution.
QUARTILE	Returns the quartile of a data set.
RANK	Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.
STDEV	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, ignoring text and logical values.
STDEVP	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, ignoring text and logical values.
TDIST	Returns the Student’s t-distribution.
TINV	Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution.
TTEST	Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test.
VAR	Estimates variance based on a sample, ignoring logical values and text.
VARP	Calculates variance based on the entire population, ignoring logical values and text.
WEIBULL	Returns the Weibull distribution.
ZTEST	Returns the one-tailed p-value of a z-test.

The functions in the Compatibility category all have new versions that were introduced in Excel 2010 or later. The old versions are still available for compatibility.

Table A.2 Cube Category Functions

Function	What It Does
CUBEKPIMEMBER	Returns a key performance indicator property and displays the name and property in the cell.
CUBEMEMBER	Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy.
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY	Returns the value of a member property in the cube.
CUBERANKEDMEMBER	Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set.
CUBESET	Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server.
CUBESETCOUNT	Returns the number of items in a set.
CUBEVALUE	Returns an aggregated value from a cube.

Table A.3 Database Category Functions

Function	What It Does
DAVERAGE	Averages the values in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
DCOUNT	Counts the cells that contain numbers in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
DCOUNTA	Counts the nonblank cells in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
DGET	Extracts a single value from a column of a list or database that matches conditions you specify.
DMAX	Returns the largest number in a column of a list or database that matches conditions you specify.
DMIN	Returns the smallest number in a column of a list or database that matches conditions you specify.
DPRODUCT	Multiplies the values in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
DSTDEV	Estimates the standard deviation of a population based on a sample by using the numbers in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
DSTDEVP	Calculates the standard deviation of a population based on the entire population, using the numbers in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
DSUM	Adds the numbers in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
DVAR	Estimates the variance of a population based on a sample by using the numbers in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
DVARP	Calculates the variance of a population based on the entire population by using the numbers in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.

Table A.4 Date & Time Category Functions

Function	What It Does
DATE	Returns the serial number of a particular date.
DATEVALUE	Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number.
DAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the month.
DAYS**	Returns the number of days between two dates.
DAYS360	Calculates the number of days between two dates, based on a 360-day year.
EDATE	Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date.
EOMONTH	Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months.
HOUR	Converts a serial number to an hour.
ISOWEEKNUM**	Returns the ISO week number in the year for a given date.
MINUTE	Converts a serial number to a minute.
MONTH	Converts a serial number to a month.
NETWORKDAYS	Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates.
NETWORKDAYS.INTL*	Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates (international version).
NOW	Returns the serial number of the current date and time.
SECOND	Converts a serial number to a second.
TIME	Returns the serial number of a particular time.
TIMEVALUE	Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number.
TODAY	Returns the serial number of today’s date.
WEEKDAY	Converts a serial number to a day of the week.
WEEKNUM	Returns the week number in the year.
WORKDAY	Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays.
WORKDAY.INTL*	Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays (international version).
YEAR	Converts a serial number to a year.
YEARFRAC	Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between two dates.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2010.

** Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Table A.5 Engineering Category Functions

Function	What It Does
BESSELI	Returns the modified Bessel function In(x).
BESSELJ	Returns the Bessel function Jn(x).
BESSELK	Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x).
BESSELY	Returns the Bessel function Yn(x).
BIN2DEC	Converts a binary number to decimal.
BIN2HEX	Converts a binary number to hexadecimal.
BIN2OCT	Converts a binary number to octal.
BITAND**	Returns a bitwise AND of two numbers.
BITLSHIFT**	Returns a value number shifted left by a specified number of bits.
BITOR**	Returns a bitwise OR of two numbers.
BITRSHIFT**	Returns a value number shifted right by a specified number of bits.
BITXOR**	Returns a bitwise Exclusive OR of two numbers.
COMPLEX	Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number.
CONVERT	Converts a number from one measurement system to another.
DEC2BIN	Converts a decimal number to binary.
DEC2HEX	Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal.
DEC2OCT	Converts a decimal number to octal.
DELTA	Tests whether two values are equal.
ERF	Returns the error function.
ERF.PRECISE*	Returns the error function.
ERFC	Returns the complementary error function.
ERFC.PRECISE*	Returns the complementary error function.
GESTEP	Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value.
HEX2BIN	Converts a hexadecimal number to binary.
HEX2DEC	Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal.
HEX2OCT	Converts a hexadecimal number to octal.
IMABS	Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number.
IMAGINARY	Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number.
IMARGUMENT	Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians.
IMCONJUGATE	Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number.
IMCOS	Returns the cosine of a complex number.
IMCOSH**	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number.
IMCOT**	Returns the cotangent of a complex number.
IMCSC**	Returns the cosecant of a complex number.
IMCSCH**	Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number.
IMDIV	Returns the quotient of two complex numbers.
IMEXP	Returns the exponential of a complex number.
IMLN	Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number.
IMLOG10	Returns the base 10 logarithm of a complex number.
IMLOG2	Returns the base 2 logarithm of a complex number.
IMPOWER	Returns a complex number raised to an integer power.
IMPRODUCT	Returns the product of complex numbers.
IMREAL	Returns the real coefficient of a complex number.
IMSEC**	Returns the secant of a complex number.
IMSECH**	Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number.
IMSIN	Returns the sine of a complex number.
IMSINH**	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number.
IMSQRT	Returns the square root of a complex number.
IMSUB	Returns the difference of two complex numbers.
IMSUM	Returns the sum of complex numbers.
IMTAN**	Returns the tangent of a complex number.
OCT2BIN	Converts an octal number to binary.
OCT2DEC	Converts an octal number to decimal.
OCT2HEX	Converts an octal number to hexadecimal.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2010.

** Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Table A.6 Financial Category Functions

Function	What It Does
ACCRINT	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest.
ACCRINTM	Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity.
AMORDEGRC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period.
AMORLINC	Returns the depreciation for each accounting period.
COUPDAYBS	Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date.
COUPDAYS	Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date.
COUPDAYSNC	Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date.
COUPNCD	Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date.
COUPNUM	Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date.
COUPPCD	Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date.
CUMIPMT	Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods.
CUMPRINC	Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods.
DB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, using the fixed declining- balance method.
DDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, using the double declining- balance method or some other method that you specify.
DISC	Returns the discount rate for a security.
DOLLARDE	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price expressed as a decimal number.
DOLLARFR	Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price expressed as a fraction.
DURATION	Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments.
EFFECT	Returns the effective annual interest rate.
FV	Returns the future value of an investment.
FVSCHEDULE	Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates.
INTRATE	Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security.
IPMT	Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period.
IRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.
ISPMT	Returns the interest paid during a specific period.
MDURATION	Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100.
MIRR	Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates.
NOMINAL	Returns the annual nominal interest rate.
NPER	Returns the number of periods for an investment.
NPV	Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate.
ODDFPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period.
ODDFYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period.
ODDLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period.
ODDLYIELD	Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period.
PDURATION*	Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value.
PMT	Returns the periodic payment for an annuity.
PPMT	Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period.
PRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest.
PRICEDISC	Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security.
PRICEMAT	Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity.
PV	Returns the present value of an investment.
RATE	Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity.
RECEIVED	Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security.
RRI*	Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment.
SLN	Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period.
SYD	Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period.
TBILLEQ	Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill.
TBILLPRICE	Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill.
TBILLYIELD	Returns the yield for a Treasury bill.
VDB	Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period using a double declining-balance method.
XIRR	Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic.
XNPV	Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic.
YIELD	Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest.
YIELDDISC	Returns the annual yield for a discounted security, for example, a Treasury bill.
YIELDMAT	Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Table A.7 Information Category Functions

Function	What It Does
CELL	Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.
ERROR.TYPE	Returns a number matching an error value.
INFO	Returns information about the current operating environment.
ISBLANK	Returns TRUE if the cell is empty.
ISERR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A.
ISERROR	Returns TRUE if the value is any error value.
ISEVEN	Returns TRUE if the number is even.
ISFORMULA*	Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell that contains a formula.
ISLOGICAL	Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value.
ISNA	Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value.
ISNONTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is not text.
ISNUMBER	Returns TRUE if the value is a number.
ISODD	Returns TRUE if the number is odd.
ISREF	Returns TRUE if the value is a reference.
ISTEXT	Returns TRUE if the value is text.
N	Converts a non-number value to a number, a date to a serial number, TRUE to 1, and anything else to 0.
NA	Returns the error value #N/A.
SHEET*	Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet.
SHEETS*	Returns the number of sheets in a reference.
TYPE	Returns a number indicating the data type of a value.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Table A.8 Logical Category Functions

Function	What It Does
AND	Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE.
FALSE	Returns the logical value FALSE.
IF	Specifies a logical test to perform.
IFERROR	Returns an alternate result if the first argument evaluates to an error.
IFNA*	Returns an alternate result if the first argument evaluates to #N/A.
NOT	Changes FALSE to TRUE and TRUE to FALSE.
OR	Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE.
TRUE	Returns the logical value TRUE.
XOR*	Returns a logical Exclusive OR of all arguments.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Table A.9 Lookup & Reference Category Functions

Function	What It Does
ADDRESS	Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet.
AREAS	Returns the number of areas in a reference.
CHOOSE	Chooses a value from a list of values based on an index number.
COLUMN	Returns the column number of a reference.
COLUMNS	Returns the number of columns in a reference.
FORMULATEXT*	Returns the formula at the given reference as text.
GETPIVOTDATA	Returns data stored in a pivot table.
HLOOKUP	Searches for a value in the top row of a table and then returns a value in the same column from a row you specify.
HYPERLINK	Creates a shortcut that opens a document on your hard drive, a server, or the Internet.
INDEX	Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array.
INDIRECT	Returns a reference indicated by a text string.
LOOKUP	Returns a value from either a one-row or one-column range or from an array.
MATCH	Returns the relative position of an item in an array.
OFFSET	Returns a reference offset from a given reference.
ROW	Returns the row number of a reference.
ROWS	Returns the number of rows in a reference.
RTD	Returns real-time data from a program that supports COM automation.
TRANSPOSE	Returns the transpose of an array.
VLOOKUP	Searches for a value in the leftmost column of a table and then returns a value in the same row from a column you specify in the table.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Table A.10 Math & Trig Category Functions

Function	What It Does
ABS	Returns the absolute value of a number.
ACOS	Returns the arccosine of a number.
ACOSH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.
ACOT**	Returns the arccotangent of a number.
ACOTH**	Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number.
AGGREGATE*	Returns an aggregate in a list or database.
ARABIC**	Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number.
ASIN	Returns the arcsine of a number.
ASINH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.
ATAN	Returns the arctangent of a number.
ATAN2	Returns the arctangent from x and y coordinates.
ATANH	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
BASE**	Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base).
CEILING.MATH**	Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.
COMBIN	Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects.
COMBINA**	Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items.
COS	Returns the cosine of a number.
COSH	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
COT**	Returns the cotangent of an angle.
COTH**	Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number.
CSC**	Returns the cosecant of an angle.
CSCH**	Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle.
DECIMAL**	Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number.
DEGREES	Converts radians to degrees.
EVEN	Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer.
EXP	Returns e raised to the power of a given number.
FACT	Returns the factorial of a number.
FACTDOUBLE	Returns the double factorial of a number.
FLOOR.MATH**	Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.
GCD	Returns the greatest common divisor.
INT	Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
LCM	Returns the least common multiple.
LN	Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
LOG	Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.
LOG10	Returns the base 10 logarithm of a number.
MDETERM	Returns the matrix determinant of an array.
MINVERSE	Returns the matrix inverse of an array.
MMULT	Returns the matrix product of two arrays.
MOD	Returns the remainder from division.
MROUND	Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple.
MULTINOMIAL	Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers.
MUNIT**	Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension.
ODD	Rounds a number to the nearest odd integer away from zero.
PI	Returns the value of pi.
POWER	Returns the result of a number raised to a power.
PRODUCT	Multiplies its arguments.
QUOTIENT	Returns the integer portion of a division.
RADIANS	Converts degrees to radians.
RAND	Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
RANDBETWEEN	Returns a random number between the numbers that you specify.
ROMAN	Converts an Arabic numeral to Roman, as text.
ROUND	Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.
ROUNDDOWN	Rounds a number down, toward zero.
ROUNDUP	Rounds a number up, away from zero.
SEC**	Returns the secant of an angle.
SECH**	Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle.
SERIESSUM	Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula.
SIGN	Returns the sign of a number.
SIN	Returns the sine of the given angle.
SINH	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.
SQRT	Returns the square root of a number.
SQRTPI	Returns the square root of a number multiplied by pi.
SUBTOTAL	Returns a subtotal in a list or database.
SUM	Adds its arguments.
SUMIF	Adds the cells specified by a given criteria.
SUMIFS	Adds the cells specified by a multiple criteria.
SUMPRODUCT	Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components.
SUMSQ	Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments.
SUMX2MY2*	Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.
SUMX2PY2*	Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.
SUMXMY2*	Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays.
TAN	Returns the tangent of a number.
TANH	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
TRUNC	Truncates a number to a specified precision.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2010.

** Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Table A.11 Statistical Category Functions

Function	What It Does
AVEDEV	Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean.
AVERAGE	Returns the arithmetic mean of its arguments.
AVERAGEA	Returns the arithmetic mean of its arguments and includes evaluation of text and logical values.
AVERAGEIF	Returns the arithmetic mean for the cells specified by a given criterion.
AVERAGEIFS	Returns the arithmetic mean for the cells specified by multiple criteria.
BETA.DIST*	Returns the beta cumulative distribution function.
BETA.INV*	Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution.
BINOM.DIST*	Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability.
BINOM.DIST.RANGE**	Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution.
BINOM.INV*	Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value.
CHISQ.DIST*	Returns the chi-squared distribution.
CHISQ.DIST.RT*	Returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
CHISQ.INV*	Returns the inverse of the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
CHISQ.INV.RT*	Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
CHISQ.TEST*	Returns the test for independence.
CONFIDENCE.NORM*	Returns the confidence interval for a population mean.
CONFIDENCE.T*	Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student’s t-distribution.
CORREL	Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets.
COUNT	Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments.
COUNTA	Counts how many values are in the list of arguments.
COUNTBLANK	Counts the number of blank cells in the argument range.
COUNTIF	Counts the number of cells that meet the criteria you specify in the argument.
COUNTIFS	Counts the number of cells that meet multiple criteria.
COVARIANCE.P*	Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations.
COVARIANCE.S*	Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products’ deviations for each data point pair in two data sets.
DEVSQ	Returns the sum of squares of deviations.
EXPON.DIST*	Returns the exponential distribution.
F.DIST*	Returns the F probability distribution.
F.DIST.RT*	Returns the F probability distribution.
F.INV*	Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
F.INV.RT*	Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
F.TEST*	Returns the result of an F-test.
FISHER	Returns the Fisher transformation.
FISHERINV	Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation.
FORECAST.ETS***	Returns the forecasted value for a specific future target date using exponential smoothing method.
FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT***	Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date.
FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY***	Returns the length of the repetitive pattern detected for the specified time series.
FORECAST.ETS.STAT***	Returns the requested statistic for the forecast.
FORECAST.LINEAR***	Predicts a future value along a linear trend by using existing values.
FREQUENCY	Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array.
GAMMA**	Returns the gamma function value.
GAMMA.DIST*	Returns the gamma distribution.
GAMMA.INV*	Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution.
GAMMALN	Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.
GAMMALN.PRECISE*	Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.
GAUSS**	Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution.
GEOMEAN	Returns the geometric mean.
GROWTH	Returns values along an exponential trend.
HARMEAN	Returns the harmonic mean.
HYPGEOM.DIST*	Returns the hypergeometric distribution.
INTERCEPT	Returns the intercept of the linear regression line.
KURT	Returns the kurtosis of a data set.
LARGE	Returns the kth largest value in a data set.
LINEST	Returns the parameters of a linear trend.
LOGEST	Returns the parameters of an exponential trend.
LOGNORM.DIST*	Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution.
LOGNORM.INV*	Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution.
MAX	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, ignoring logical values and text.
MAXA	Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including logical values and text.
MEDIAN	Returns the median of the given numbers.
MIN	Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments, ignoring logical values and text.
MINA	Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments, including logical values and text.
MODE.MULT*	Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring or repetitive values in an array or range of data.
MODE.SNGL*	Returns the most common value in a data set.
NEGBINOM.DIST*	Returns the negative binomial distribution.
NORM.DIST*	Returns the normal cumulative distribution.
NORM.INV*	Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution.
NORM.S.DIST*	Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution.
NORM.S.INV*	Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution.
PEARSON	Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.
PERCENTILE.EXC*	Returns the kth percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0 through 1, exclusive.
PERCENTILE.INC*	Returns the kth percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0 through 1, inclusive.
PERCENTRANK.EXC*	Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0 through 1, exclusive) of the data set.
PERCENTRANK.INC*	Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0 through 1, inclusive) of the data set.
PERMUT	Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects.
PERMUTATIONA**	Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects (with repetitions) that can be selected from the total objects.
PHI**	Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution.
POISSON.DIST*	Returns the Poisson distribution.
PROB	Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits.
QUARTILE.EXC*	Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0 through1, exclusive.
QUARTILE.INC*	Returns the quartile of a data set.
RANK.AVG*	Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.
RANK.EQ*	Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.
RSQ	Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.
SKEW	Returns the skewness of a distribution.
SKEW.P**	Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population.
SLOPE	Returns the slope of the linear regression line.
SMALL	Returns the kth smallest value in a data set.
STANDARDIZE	Returns a normalized value.
STDEV.P*	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population.
STDEV.S*	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample.
STDEVA	Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including text and logical values.
STDEVPA	Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including text and logical values.
STEYX	Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression.
T.DIST	Returns the left-tailed Student’s t-distribution.
T.DIST.2T*	Returns the the two-tailed Student’s t-distribution.
T.DIST.RT*	Returns the right-tailed Student’s t-distribution.
T.INV*	Returns the left-tailed inverse of the Student’s t-distribution.
T.INV.2T*	Returns the two-tailed inverse of the Student’s t-distribution.
T.TEST*	Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t-test.
TREND	Returns values along a linear trend.
TRIMMEAN	Returns the mean of the interior of a data set.
VAR.P*	Calculates variance based on the entire population.
VAR.S*	Estimates variance based on a sample.
VARA	Estimates variance based on a sample, including logical values and text.
VARPA	Calculates variance based on the entire population, including logical values and text.
WEIBULL.DIST*	Returns the Weibull distribution.
Z.TEST*	Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2010.

** Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

*** Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2016.

Table A.12 Text Category Functions

Function	What It Does
BAHTTEXT	Converts a number to Baht text.
CHAR	Returns the character specified by the code number.
CLEAN	Removes all nonprintable characters from text.
CODE	Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string.
CONCATENATE	Joins several text strings into one text string.
DOLLAR	Converts a number to text, using currency format.
EXACT	Returns TRUE if two text strings are identical.
FIND	Returns the starting position of one text string within another (case sensitive).
FIXED	Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals.
LEFT	Returns the specified number of characters from the start of a text string.
LEN	Returns the number of characters in a text string.
LOWER	Converts text to lowercase.
MID	Returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting at the position you specify.
NUMBERVALUE*	Converts text to number in a locale-independent manner.
PROPER	Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text string.
REPLACE	Replaces part of a text string with a different text string.
REPT	Repeats text a given number of times.
RIGHT	Returns the specified number of characters from the end of a text string.
SEARCH	Returns the starting position of one text string within another (not case sensitive).
SUBSTITUTE	Substitutes new text for old text in a text string.
T	Returns the text argument or an empty string for a non-text argument.
TEXT	Formats a number and converts it to text.
TRIM	Removes excess spaces from text.
UNICHAR*	Returns the Unicode character that is referenced by the given numeric value.
UNICODE*	Returns the number (code point) that corresponds to the first character of the text.
UPPER	Converts text to uppercase.
VALUE	Converts a text argument to a number.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Table A.13 Web Category Functions

Function	What It Does
ENCODEURL*	Returns a URL-encoded string.
FILTERXML*	Returns specific data from the XML content by using the specified XPath.
WEBSERVICE*	Returns data from a web service.

* Indicates a function introduced in Excel 2013.

Excel 2016 Formulas (2016)

PART VII Appendixes

Appendix A Excel Function Reference

PART VII
Appendixes

Appendix A
Excel Function Reference