Learning Heroku Postgres (2015)

Appendix A. Keyword List

· Amazon AWS EC2: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a web service that offers resizable cloud-hosting services to make web-scale computing easier for developers. (https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/)

· Amazon AWS S3: Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), provides developers and IT teams with secure, durable, and highly-scalable object storage. (https://aws.amazon.com/s3/)

· API: In computer programming, an application programming interface (API) is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface)

· ASCII: ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII)

· Backup: In information technology, a backup, or the process of backing up, refers to the copying and archiving of computer data so that it may be used to restore the original after a data loss event. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup)

· Clojure: This is a dynamic programming language that targets the Java Virtual Machine. (http://clojure.org/)

· CSV: A comma-separated values (CSV) (also sometimes called character-separated values, because the separator character does not have to be a comma) file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain-text form. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values)

· Data Caching: In computing, a cache is a component that transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_(computing))

· DDL: A data definition language or data description language (DDL) is a syntax similar to a computer programming language for defining data structures, especially database schemas. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_definition_language)

· Debian: This is a Linux distribution that is composed primarily of free and open-source software, most of which is under the GNU General Public License. (https://www.debian.org/index.en.html)

· Deploy: Software deployment involves all the activities that make a software system available for use. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_deployment)

· Dyno: It is a lightweight linux container that runs a single user-specified command. (https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/dynos)

· Foreman: It is a manager for Procfile-based applications. Its aim is to abstract away the details of the Procfile format, and allow you to run your application. (https://github.com/ddollar/foreman)

· Gemfile: It handles the "manages an application's dependencies" part and Gemfile.lock handles the "systematically and repeatably" part. (http://bundler.io/gemfile.html)

· Gemfile.lock: It turns your application into a single package of both your own code and the third-party code it ran the last time you know for sure that everything worked. (http://bundler.io/gemfile.html)

· GIS: A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial data. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system)

· GiST: In computing, GiST, or Generalized Search Tree, is a data structure and API that can be used to build a variety of disk-based search trees. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GiST)

· GIT: It is easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning-fast performance. It outclasses SCM tools such as Subversion, CVS, Perforce, and ClearCase. (http://git-scm.com/)

· Google Drive: It is a file storage and synchronization service offered by Google that provides user cloud storage, file sharing, and collaborative editing. (https://www.google.com/drive/)

· Heroku Postgres: Heroku Postgres is the SQL database service run by Heroku. (https://www.heroku.com/postgres)

· Heroku Toolbelt: This is the Heroku command-line tool for working with the Heroku platform on OS X, Windows, and Debian/Ubuntu. (https://toolbelt.heroku.com/)

· Heroku: Heroku is a cloud platform as a service (PaaS) supporting several programming languages. (https://www.heroku.com/)

· Hibernate: Hibernate is an open source Java persistence framework project. Performs powerful object-relational mapping and queries databases using HQL and SQL. (http://hibernate.org/)

· High Availability: High availability is system-design approach and associated service implementation that ensures a prearranged level of operational performance will be met during a contractual measurement period. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_availability)

· HTTP: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol)

· iFrame: The HTML iframe Element (or HTML inline frame element) represents a nested browsing context, effectively embedding another HTML page. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFrame)

· IO: In computing, input/output or I/O (or informally, io or IO) is communication between an information processing system (such as a computer) and the outside world, possibly a human or another information processing system. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output)

· Java: This is a functional computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementations as possible. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language))

· JavaScript: This is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most commonly used as part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is displayed. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript)

· JDBC: This is a Java database connectivity technology (Java Standard Edition platform) from Oracle Corporation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity)

· JPA: The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a Java programming language application programming interface specification that describes the management of relational data in applications using the Java Platform, Standard Edition and Java Platform, and Enterprise Edition. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Persistence_API)

· JSON: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON)

· Kernel: In computing, the kernel is a computer program that manages input/output requests from software, and translates them into data processing instructions for the Central Processing Unit and other electronic components of a computer. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system))

· Logplex: This collates log entries from all the running dynos of your app, and other components of the Heroku platform. (https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/logplex)

· Mac OS X: Often called simply OS X, it is the operating system that resides on Apple's desktop and portable computer lineup. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X)

· Multitenant: Multitenancy refers to a principle in software architecture where a single instance of the software runs on a server, serving multiple tenants. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitenancy)

· Node.js: Node.js® is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast, scalable network applications. (http://nodejs.org/)

· Perl: Perl 5 is a highly capable, feature-rich programming language with over 27 years of development. (https://www.perl.org/)

· PGBackups: The Heroku PGBackups add-on lets you easily capture and manage backups for your Heroku Postgres databases. (https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/pgbackups)

· pg_dump: This is a utility for backing up a PostgreSQL database. (http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/app-pgdump.html)

· pg_restore: This is a utility for restoring a PostgreSQL database from an archive created by pg_dump in one of the non-plain-text formats. (http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.2/static/app-pgrestore.html)

· pgAdmin: This the most popular and feature-rich Open Source administration and development platform for PostgreSQL, the most advanced Open Source database in the world. (http://www.pgadmin.org/)

· PIOPs: This stands for Programmable Input Output System. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_input/output)

· PLV8: This is a shared library that provides a PostgreSQL procedural language powered by the V8 JavaScript Engine. (https://code.google.com/p/plv8js/wiki/PLV8)

· PostGIS: This provides spatial objects for the PostgreSQL database, allowing the storage and query of information about location and mapping. (http://postgis.net/)

· Postgres.app: This is the easiest way to get started with PostgreSQL on the Mac. (http://postgresapp.com/)

· PostgreSQL: Often simply Postgres, this is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS). (http://www.postgresql.org/)

· Procfile: A Procfile is a list of process types in an app. (https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/procfile)

· PSQL: The primary frontend for PostgreSQL is the psql command-line program, which can be used to enter SQL queries directly, or execute them from a file. (http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/app-psql.html)

· Python: This is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language. (https://www.python.org/)

· RAM: Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory)

· Rollback: In database technologies, a rollback is an operation that returns the database to some previous state. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollback_%28data_management%29)

· Ruby: This is a programming language from Japan (available at ruby-lang.org) that is revolutionizing the Web. (https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/)

· Scala: This is an object-functional programming language for general software applications. (http://www.scala-lang.org/)

· SMS: Short Message Service (SMS) is a text messaging service component of phone, Web, or mobile communication systems. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Message_Service)

· Spring: The Spring Framework provides a comprehensive programming and configuration model for modern Java-based enterprise applications. (http://projects.spring.io/spring-framework/)

· SQL: This is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL)

· SSH: This is a cryptographic network protocol for secure data communication, remote command-line login, remote command execution, and others. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell)

· SSL: This is a protocol for transmitting private documents via the Internet. (http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SSL.html)

· Tuning: Database tuning describes a group of activities used to optimize and homogenize the performance of a database. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_tuning)

· Ubuntu: This is an open source software platform that runs everywhere from the smartphone, the tablet, and the PC to the server and the cloud. (http://www.ubuntu.com/)

· URL: A uniform resource locator (abbreviated URL; also known as a web address, particularly when used with HTTP) is a specific character string that constitutes a reference to a resource. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_resource_locator)

· UUID: A universally unique identifier (UUID) is an identifier standard used in software construction. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier)

· vCPU: A virtual CPU (vCPU) also known as a virtual processor, is a physical central processing unit (CPU) that is assigned to a virtual machine (VM). (http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/virtual-CPU-vCPU)

· Windows: Microsoft Windows or Windows is a metafamily of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows)

· Worker: Worker dynos can be of any process type declared in your Procfile, other than "web". Worker dynos are typically used for background jobs, queuing systems, and timed jobs. (https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/background-jobs-queueing)

· XLS: Microsoft Excel up until the 2007 version used a proprietary binary file format called Excel Binary File Format (.XLS) as its primary format. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel#File_formats)